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482 lines
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482 lines
18 KiB
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<meta name="author" content="M.T. Konstapel" />
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<meta name="dcterms.date" content="2024-02-14" />
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<a href="#">Index</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a
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href="#installation-guide-pe1rxf-aprs-digipeater-and-weather-station"
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id="toc-installation-guide-pe1rxf-aprs-digipeater-and-weather-station">Installation
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guide PE1RXF APRS digipeater and weather station</a></li>
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<li><a href="#preparing-the-sd-card"
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id="toc-preparing-the-sd-card">Preparing the SD
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card</a></li>
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<li><a href="#before-the-first-boot"
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id="toc-before-the-first-boot">Before the first
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boot</a></li>
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<li><a href="#the-pi-is-booted-for-the-first-time"
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id="toc-the-pi-is-booted-for-the-first-time">The Pi is
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booted for the first time</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-a-vanilla-pi-to-an-aprs-digipeater"
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id="toc-from-a-vanilla-pi-to-an-aprs-digipeater">From a
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vanilla Pi to an APRS digipeater</a></li>
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<li><a href="#backup-sd-card" id="toc-backup-sd-card">Backup
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SD card!</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://git.meezenest.nl/marcel/aprs_digipeater">Git repo</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://meezenest.nl/mees/aprs_digipeater.html">Back</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<a href="https://www.meezenest.nl/mees/"><img alt="Logo" src="./images/mees_logo.svg" height="70"></a>
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</nav>
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<h1 class="title">APRS digipeater installation guide</h1>
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<p class="subtitle">not for the faint of heart</p>
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<p class="author">M.T. Konstapel</p>
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<p class="date">2024-02-14</p>
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</header>
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<main>
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<article>
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<p><b>Abstract </b><p>This project is a collection of former (and some
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new) projects connected together to make an APRS digipeater, which
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doubles as an APRS weather station, with PE1RXF telemetry server
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capabilities.</p></p>
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<h1
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id="installation-guide-pe1rxf-aprs-digipeater-and-weather-station">Installation
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guide PE1RXF APRS digipeater and weather station</h1>
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<p>This guide assumes you are using the LoRa hat for the Raspberry Pi
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Zero from Mees Electronics.</p>
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<h1 id="preparing-the-sd-card">Preparing the SD card</h1>
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<p>Download the latest 32 bit version of Raspberry OS. Do not use the 64
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bit version. It will probably work, but some software I use might not
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work on 64 bit.</p>
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<pre><code>$ unxz image_name.img.xz
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$ sudo dd if=image_name.img of=/dev/name_of_block_device bs=4M conv=fsync status=progress</code></pre>
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<h1 id="before-the-first-boot">Before the first boot</h1>
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<h3 id="mount-the-boot-partition-on-a-computer.">Mount the boot
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partition on a computer.</h3>
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<h3 id="create-a-file-called-userconf-in-boot">Create a file called
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“userconf” in /boot</h3>
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<pre><code>$ nano userconf</code></pre>
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<p>This file should only have one line of text, with
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username:encrypted-password – that is, your preferred username, followed
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by a colon, and then an encrypted representation of the password you
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wish to use.</p>
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<p>The simplest approach to generate the encrypted password is to use
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OpenSSL on a Raspberry Pi that is already running — Activate a terminal
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window and type: echo ‘frambozentaart’ | openssl passwd -6 -stdin This
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will generate what appears to be a random string of characters, but is
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really an encrypted version of the provided password.</p>
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<p>This is the line that should go in userconf.txt:</p>
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<pre><code>taart:$6$wOOBx/uscFupsHDn$PSjutVwKxZyGa9.11NP/wpy4Wtn4qA0Xx3AY5KvuzmxOm7En5l2/O33yNWISmWxTlWHzLuVaPnJO0ccYVdDNu0</code></pre>
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<p>This defines user: ‘taart’ with password ‘frambozentaart’</p>
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<h3 id="create-an-empty-file-called-ssh-in-boot">Create an empty file
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called “ssh” in /boot</h3>
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<pre><code>$ touch ssh</code></pre>
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<h3 id="create-a-file-called-wpa_supplicant.conf-in-boot">Create a file
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called “wpa_supplicant.conf” in /boot</h3>
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<pre><code>$ nano wpa_supplicant.conf</code></pre>
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<p>Add the following text:</p>
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<pre><code>country=nl
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update_config=1
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ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
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network={
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scan_ssid=1
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ssid="Your WiFi Name"
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psk="Your WiFi Password"
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}</code></pre>
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<h3 id="activate-auto-power-off-button">Activate Auto power off
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button</h3>
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<pre><code>$ nano config.txt</code></pre>
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<p>Add the following text:</p>
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<pre><code>dtoverlay=gpio-poweroff,gpiopin=21,active_low="y"
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dtoverlay=gpio-shutdown,gpio_pin=16</code></pre>
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<p>GPIO21 goes high when RPi is booting and stays high until after
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succesfully halting the processor with “sudo halt” or shutdown via
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external button. When GPIO16 goes low (external button pressed), RPi
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goes into shutdown.</p>
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<h3
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id="insert-the-sd-card-in-the-raspberry-pi-and-press-the-power-button">Insert
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the SD card in the Raspberry Pi and press the power button</h3>
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<p>During the first boot, the Pi will reboot once. Because of the
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external power button, this will not work: the Pi will shutdown. Power
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up the Pi by pressing the external power button again.</p>
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<h1 id="the-pi-is-booted-for-the-first-time">The Pi is booted for the
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first time</h1>
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<p>Search for the ip address of the Raspberry Pi (for exammple by
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logging into your router) and ssh into the Pi (user: taart, password:
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frambozentaart)</p>
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<h3 id="create-new-user">Create new user</h3>
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<pre><code>$ sudo adduser user_name</code></pre>
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<p>Add the new user to all the groups of the default user (taart)</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo nano /etc/group</code></pre>
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<p>Replace taart by user_name ,taart (for example adm:x:4:taart becomes
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adm_x:username,taart)</p>
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<p>Add user to sudo group</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo usermod -aG sudo user_name</code></pre>
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<p>Reboot the system and log in as new user.</p>
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<p>Test user’s sudo permissions by executing a random command as sudo
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(for example: sudo ls)</p>
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<p>Remove default user taart</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo deluser -remove-home taart</code></pre>
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<p>Disable auto-login.</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo raspi-config</code></pre>
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<p>Set system-options / S5 Boot/Auto login / B1 Console</p>
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<h3 id="login-with-ssh-without-password">Login with ssh without
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password</h3>
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<p>Create key on local machine</p>
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<pre><code>$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/aprs-weather-server -C "marcel aprs-weather-server-server"</code></pre>
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<p>Copy the key to the Raspberry Pi</p>
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<pre><code>$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/aprs-weather-server.pub marcel@server_ip_address</code></pre>
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<p>Log in on the Raspberry Pi without password</p>
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<pre><code>$ ssh -o "IdentitiesOnly=yes" -i .ssh/aprs-weather-server <IP-adres>></code></pre>
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<p>Optional: on the local machine edit .ssh/config and add the
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server/key combination. Now you can log in with just “ssh
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<server-name”</p>
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<h3 id="housekeeping">Housekeeping</h3>
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<p>Change login screen via motd (message of the day).</p>
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<pre><code>$ nano /etc/motd</code></pre>
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<p>Change hostname.</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo nano /etc/hostname
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$ sudo nano /etc/hosts</code></pre>
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<p>Setting the locale</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo raspi-config</code></pre>
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<p>Edit Localisation options / change locale (en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8) And set
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time zone</p>
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<p>For years now, Perl give Locale warnings. Fix it:</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo nano /etc/default/locale</code></pre>
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<p>add:</p>
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<pre><code>LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
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LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8</code></pre>
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<p>Update software</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get upgrade</code></pre>
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<h3 id="install-firewall">Install firewall</h3>
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<pre><code>$ sudo apt install ufw
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$ sudo ufw allow ssh
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$ sudo ufw enable
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$ sudo ufw status</code></pre>
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<h1 id="from-a-vanilla-pi-to-an-aprs-digipeater">From a vanilla Pi to an
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APRS digipeater</h1>
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<h3 id="enable-i2c-rtc">Enable I2C RTC</h3>
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<pre><code>$ sudo rapi-config</code></pre>
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<p>enable i2c</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo reboot
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$ sudo apt-get install i2c-tools
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$ sudo i2cdetect -y 1</code></pre>
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<p>#68 is RTC</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo nano /boot/firmware/config.txt</code></pre>
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<p>Add dtoverlay=i2c-rtc,ds1307</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo reboot
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$ sudo i2cdetect -y 1</code></pre>
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<p>If UU appears instead of 68 then we have successfully loaded in the
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Kernel driver for our RTC circuit.</p>
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<p>Disable fake hardware clock:</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo apt-get -y remove fake-hwclock
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$ sudo update-rc.d -f fake-hwclock remove
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$ sudo systemctl disable fake-hwclock
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$ sudo nano /lib/udev/hwclock-set</code></pre>
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<p>Find</p>
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<pre><code>if [ -e /run/systemd/system ] ; then
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exit 0
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fi</code></pre>
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<p>Replace with:</p>
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<pre><code>#if [ -e /run/systemd/system ] ; then
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# exit 0
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#fi</code></pre>
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<p>Also comment out the two lines</p>
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<pre><code>/sbin/hwclock --rtc=$dev --systz --badyear</code></pre>
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<p>and</p>
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<pre><code>/sbin/hwclock --rtc=$dev --systz</code></pre>
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<p>Read RTC:</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo hwclock -r</code></pre>
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<p>Set RTC from system time:</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo hwclock -w</code></pre>
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<h3 id="ax.25-support">AX.25 support</h3>
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<pre><code>$ sudo apt-get install libax25 ax25-apps ax25-tools
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$ sudo nano /etc/ax25/axports</code></pre>
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<p>add:</p>
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<pre><code>ax0 PE1RXF-1 9600 255 2 144.800 MHz APRS (1200 bps)
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ax1 PE1RXF-3 9600 255 2 433.775 MHz APRS (LORA)</code></pre>
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<h3 id="aprx-software">APRX software</h3>
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<pre><code>$ sudo apt-get install aprx
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$ sudo systemctl enable aprx
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$ sudo nano /etc/aprs.conf:</code></pre>
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<p>Add the following (may be different on your machine)</p>
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<pre><code>mycall PE1RXF-1
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<aprsis>
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passcode 19123
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server euro.aprs2.net 14580
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</aprsis>
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<logging>
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pidfile /var/run/aprx.pid
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rflog /var/log/aprx/aprx-rf.log
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aprxlog /var/log/aprx/aprx.log
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</logging>
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<interface>
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ax25-device $mycall
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tx-ok true # transmitter enable defaults to false
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telem-to-is false # set to 'false' to disable
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</interface>
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#Secondary interface (internal LoRa radio)
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<interface>
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callsign PE1RXF-3
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ax25-device PE1RXF-3
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tx-ok true
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telem-to-is false # set to 'false' to disable
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</interface>
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<beacon>
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beaconmode aprsis
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cycle-size 20m
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beacon srccall PE1RXF-1 symbol "R&" lat "5302.78N" lon "00707.91E" comment "APRS RX iGATE 144.800MHz https://meezenest.nl/pe1rxf"
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</beacon>
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<beacon>
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beaconmode aprsis
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cycle-size 20m
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beacon srccall PE1RXF-3 symbol "L&" lat "5302.78N" lon "00707.91E" comment "LoRa APRS RX iGATE 433.775MHz https://meezenest.nl/pe1rxf"
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</beacon>
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#<beacon>
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# beaconmode radio
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# cycle-size 30m
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# beacon interface PE1RXF-3 symbol "L&" lat "5302.78N" lon "00707.91E" comment "LoRa APRS RX iGATE 433.775MHz https://meezenest.nl/pe1rxf"
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#</beacon>
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<digipeater>
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transmitter $mycall
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<source>
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source $mycall
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relay-type directonly
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viscous-delay 5
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# Forward enkel PE1RXF* (bij wet verboden om als relais voor derden te fungeren)
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filter b/PE1RXF*
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</source>
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<source>
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source PE1RXF-3
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relay-type directonly
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viscous-delay 5
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filter b/PE1RXF*
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</source>
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</digipeater>
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# LoRa digipeater
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<digipeater>
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transmitter PE1RXF-3
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<source>
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source $mycall
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relay-type directonly
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viscous-delay 5
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filter b/PE1RXF*
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</source>
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<source>
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source PE1RXF-3
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relay-type directonly
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viscous-delay 5
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filter b/PE1RXF*
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</source>
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</digipeater></code></pre>
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<h3 id="some-commands-must-be-called-as-sudo">Some commands must be
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called as sudo</h3>
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<p>but we don’t want to enter the password all the time. Especcially at
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boot time!</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo visudo</code></pre>
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<p>Add:</p>
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<pre><code>marcel ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/kissattach
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marcel ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/kissparms
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marcel ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/socat
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marcel ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/local/bin/tncattach</code></pre>
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<h3 id="bd-packet-modem">1200bd packet modem</h3>
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<pre><code>$ mkdir ham
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$ cd ham
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$ nano ~/ham/start_packetmodem_nano2.sh</code></pre>
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<p>Add (make sure USB port is correct):</p>
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<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
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echo "Starting packet modem nano 2"
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# Packet modem uses a CS340 chip, which does not have a serial number. If other USB devices
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# with a CS340 chip are pluged in the software cannot distinquish between the various devices.
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# But the modem is always connected to the same physical USB port. Use this port number
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# instead of /dev/USBx.
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serial_port=$(readlink -f /dev/serial/by-path/platform-3f980000.usb-usb-0:1.4:1.0-port0)
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# Set serial port in RAW mode. Otherwise some charcters may be lost to the modem.
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/usr/bin/stty -F $serial_port raw
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sleep 1
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sudo /usr/sbin/kissattach $serial_port ax0
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sleep 1
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sudo /usr/sbin/kissparms -p ax0 -t 500 -s 200 -r 32 -l 100 -f n</code></pre>
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<p>Make file executable:</p>
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<pre><code>$ chmod u+x ./start_packetmodem_nano2.sh</code></pre>
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<h3 id="lora-aprs-modem">LoRa APRS modem</h3>
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<pre><code>$ sudo apt-get install git
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$ sudo raspi-config</code></pre>
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<p>Enable SPI</p>
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<pre><code>$ sudo apt-get install socat</code></pre>
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<p>clone LoRa driver:</p>
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<pre><code>$ cd ham
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$ git clone https://git.meezenest.nl/marcel/RPi-LoRa-KISS-TNC.git</code></pre>
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<p>In start_all.sh the line with socat probably says ax2, change to
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ax1</p>
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<h3 id="weather-station">Weather station</h3>
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<pre><code>$ get the weather_station software, which is still under development (will be published on https://git.meezenest.nl/)
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$ sudo apt install python3-pip</code></pre>
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<p>Install pythonax25, which can be found at
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~/ham/weather_station/python-ax25:</p>
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<pre><code>$ cd ~/ham/weather_station/python-ax25
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$ sudo ./install.sh</code></pre>
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<p>Install other libraries:</p>
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<pre><code>$ pip3 install minimalmodbus --break-system-packages
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$ pip3 install retrying --break-system-packages
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$ pip3 install pyaml --break-system-packages</code></pre>
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<p>Add /home/marcel/.local/bin to path:</p>
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<pre><code>$ nano .bashrc
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add:
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export PATH=/home/marcel/.local/bin:$PATH</code></pre>
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<h3 id="rnode">Rnode</h3>
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<pre><code>$ pip3 install rns --break-system-packages</code></pre>
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<p>If the Rnode modem firmware is not yet installed on the ESP32 board
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do:</p>
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<pre><code>$ rnodeconf /dev/ttyACM0 --autoinstall</code></pre>
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<p>Install tncattach:</p>
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<pre><code>$ cd ~/ham
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$ git clone https://github.com/markqvist/tncattach.git
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$ cd tncattach
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$ make
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$ sudo make install
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$ mkdir ~/ham/rnode_hamnet
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$ nano ~/ham/rnode_hamnet/start_rnode.sh and add:</code></pre>
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<p>Add:</p>
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<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
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# Set the Rnode in TNC mode on 434.25 MHz BW 500kHz Spreading Factor 7 Code Rate 4:5 Power 17dBm
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# Ideally, this command should only be executed once.
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/home/marcel/.local/bin/rnodeconf /dev/ttyACM0 -T --freq 434250000 --bw 500000 --txp 17 --sf 7 --cr 5
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|
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# Send station identification every 10 minutes
|
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# mtu: 496 (PtP), 482 (ethernet) or 478 (ethernet with VLAN)
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sudo /usr/local/bin/tncattach /dev/ttyACM0 115200 -d -e --mtu 482 --noipv6 --ipv4 192.168.44.2/24 --id PE1RXF -t 600</code></pre>
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|
<p>Make executable:</p>
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|
<pre><code>$ chmod u+x ./start_rnode.sh</code></pre>
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|
<h3 id="routing">Routing</h3>
|
|
<p>To use this adapter for internet access change the default
|
|
gateway:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ sudo route add default gw 192.168.44.1 metric 30</code></pre>
|
|
<p>This gives the new route priority, because the already defined
|
|
default route has a metric of 100</p>
|
|
<p>Change metrics by removing the route and adding it again. The
|
|
exammple makes the old gateway the one with the higest priority:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ sudo route del default gw 192.168.44.1 metric 30
|
|
$ sudo route add default gw 192.168.44.1 metric 200</code></pre>
|
|
<p>chech with:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ ip route</code></pre>
|
|
<h3
|
|
id="and-also-on-the-server-site-enable-forwarding-and-nat-not-on-the-aprs-digipeater">And
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|
also, on the server site, enable forwarding and nat (NOT ON THE APRS
|
|
DIGIPEATER!!!)</h3>
|
|
<pre><code>$ sudo echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
|
|
$ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
|
|
$ sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o tnc0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
|
|
$ sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i tnc0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT</code></pre>
|
|
<p>NOTE: make these changes permanant….</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf</code></pre>
|
|
<p>uncomment: net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</p>
|
|
<p>Maybe needed:</p>
|
|
<pre><code># Add the following statement somewhere at the beginning
|
|
# of /etc/dhcpcd.conf to prevent dhcpcd from changing MTU
|
|
denyinterfaces tnc0</code></pre>
|
|
<h3 id="start-script">Start script</h3>
|
|
<pre><code>$ nano ~/ham/start_aprs_server.sh</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Add:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
|
|
|
|
echo "Starting AX.25 interfaces"
|
|
# initializing 1200bd packet modem
|
|
/home/marcel/ham/start_packetmodem_nano2.sh
|
|
|
|
# initializing LoRa modem
|
|
/home/marcel/ham/RPi-LoRa-KISS-TNC/start_all.sh
|
|
|
|
# initializing RNode network over LoRa
|
|
echo "Starting LoRa network interface"
|
|
/home/marcel/ham/rnode_hamnet/start_rnode.sh
|
|
|
|
# Start weather station software
|
|
echo "Starting weather station"
|
|
/home/marcel/ham/weather_station/start_weater_station.sh</code></pre>
|
|
<p>And make executable</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ chmod u+x ./start_aprs_server.sh</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Add to crontab:</p>
|
|
<pre><code>$ crontab -e</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Add:</p>
|
|
<pre><code># Start APRS server at boot time (for some reason a 60 second wait is necessary)
|
|
@reboot sleep 60 && /home/marcel/ham/start_aprs_server.sh</code></pre>
|
|
<p>TODO:</p>
|
|
<p>network route over RNode if ethernet is down</p>
|
|
<p>Webinterface for sending and receiving messages over APRS (forward to
|
|
e-mail?)</p>
|
|
<h1 id="backup-sd-card">Backup SD card!</h1>
|
|
<p>I use the script pishrink.sh to make an image.</p>
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<hr>
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</article>
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</main>
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<footer>
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<p>©
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2024-02-14
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M.T. Konstapel
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<a href="https://meezenest.nl/mees/">https://meezenest.nl/mees/</a>
|
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</p><p>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.
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</p>
|
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</footer>
|
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</body>
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</html>
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