MQTT to APRS weather report bridge added

software/mqqt_to_pe1rxf_telemetry/config.yaml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ global:
     #program-log: /home/marcel/rs458.log    # All program output will be written to this file (0 = do not log to file)
     mqtt-server: mqtt.meezenest.nl
     mqtt-port: 1883
+    telemetry-interval: 10              # number of seconds between transmissions
 
 # APRS settings
 aprs:
@@ -14,12 +15,10 @@ aprs:
       to_call: PE1RXF-1                 # Call of the receiver
       destination: APZMDM               # APRS destination
       digipath: 0                       # Digipeater path for weather reports (0 = no path)
-      interval: 30
 #    - port: ax1                         # Linux AX.25 port to which APRS weather report is sent
 #      call: PE1RXF-13                   # Call from which transmissions are made (can be a different call from the call assigned to the AX.25 port)
 #      destination: APZMDM               # APRS destination
 #      digipath: WIDE2-1                      # Digipeater path for weather reports (0 = no path)
-#      interval: 30
 
 # Define the MQTT data to transmit over AX25. The order of the items is the order the data is combined to the telemetry string.
 mqtt:

software/mqqt_to_pe1rxf_telemetry/config_reader.py

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ class config_reader:
             tmp = self.config_file_settings['global']['program-log']
             tmp = self.config_file_settings['global']['mqtt-server']
             tmp = self.config_file_settings['global']['mqtt-port']
+            tmp = self.config_file_settings['global']['telemetry-interval']
         except:
             print ("Error in the global section of the configuration file.")
             return 0
@@ -72,7 +73,6 @@ class config_reader:
                 tmp = entry['to_call']
                 tmp = entry['destination']
                 tmp = entry['digipath']
-                tmp = entry['interval']
             except:
                 print ("Error in the aprs section of the configuration file.")
                 return 0

software/mqqt_to_pe1rxf_telemetry/mqtt_to_pe1rxf_telemetry.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class MqttHandler:
         self.config = config
         # Define list with length equal to the number of subscriptions defined in the config file
         self.number_of_mqtt_subscriptions = len(config['mqtt']['subscribe'])
-        self.aprs_telemetry_data = ['0.0']*self.number_of_mqtt_subscriptions
+        self.aprs_telemetry_data = [bytes(b'0.0')]*self.number_of_mqtt_subscriptions
 
     def process_message(self, client, userdata, message):
 
@@ -191,16 +191,13 @@ def send_data_to_aprs(weather_data, configuration):
         logging.error("Failed to send data to APRS radio.")
         logging.error(f"Command returned: {e}")
 
+def main():
 
-Configuration, MqttClient, mqtt_handler = setup()
+    Configuration, MqttClient, mqtt_handler = setup()
-LoopCounter = 0
+    LoopCounter = 0
 
-while (1):
+    while (1):
-    time.sleep(3) # Sleep for 3 seconds
+        time.sleep(Configuration.config_file_settings['global']['telemetry-interval']) # Sleep for number of seconds set in config.yaml
-
-    # Send APRS telemetry every 10 cycles = every 10 minutes
-    LoopCounter = LoopCounter + 1
-    if LoopCounter >= 1:
 
         # Send data to LoRa radio via external program (/usr/sbin/beacon). Make sure we use all radios defined in the configuration file.
         for entry in Configuration.config_file_settings['aprs']:
@@ -209,7 +206,6 @@ while (1):
             # We cannot send multiple APRS messages in a short period of time, so we wait 3 deconds between messages.
             time.sleep(3)
 
-        LoopCounter = 0
+if __name__ == '__main__':
-
+    main()
-
 

software/mqtt_to_aprs_weather_report/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Python MQTT to APRS weather report bridge
+
+Forwards MQTT messages to AX.25 according to the APRS weather report protocol
+
+## Configuration
+
+Edit config.yaml.
+
+## Requirements
+
+- Python3
+- minimalmodbus
+- json
+- time
+- sys
+- logging
+
+AX.25 stack on Linux. "/usr/sbin/beacon" installed.
+
+## License
+
+Copyright (C) 2025  M.T. Konstapel
+
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.

software/mqtt_to_aprs_weather_report/config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# This is the configuration file for the Mees Electronics weather station MK2
+
+# Global settings
+global:
+    program-log: 0    # All program output will be written to this file (0 = do not log to file)
+    #program-log: /home/marcel/rs458.log    # All program output will be written to this file (0 = do not log to file)
+    mqtt-server: mqtt.meezenest.nl
+    mqtt-port: 1883
+    telemetry-interval: 1100              # number of seconds between transmissions
+
+# APRS settings
+aprs:
+    - port: ax1                         # Linux AX.25 port to which APRS weather report is sent
+      from_call: PE1RXF-13              # Call from which transmissions are made (can be a different call from the call assigned to the AX.25 port)
+      destination: APZMDM               # APRS destination
+      digipath: 0                       # Digipeater path for weather reports (0 = no path)
+      position:  5302.76N/00707.85E_
+#    - port: ax1                         # Linux AX.25 port to which APRS weather report is sent
+#      call: PE1RXF-13                   # Call from which transmissions are made (can be a different call from the call assigned to the AX.25 port)
+#      destination: APZMDM               # APRS destination
+#      digipath: WIDE2-1                      # Digipeater path for weather reports (0 = no path)
+
+# Define the MQTT subjects for the weather report. The order is important, as this is the order in which the data is interpreted and put in the weather report.
+#    - wind_direction
+#    - wind_speed
+#    - wind_gust
+#    - rain_lasthour
+#    - rain_24hour
+#    - temperature
+#    - humidity
+#    - pressure
+#    - luminosity
+
+mqtt:
+    subscribe:
+      - mees_electronics/4d45000000000002/wind_direction
+      - mees_electronics/4d45000000000002/wind_speed
+      - mees_electronics/4d45000000000002/wind_gust
+      - mees_electronics/4d45000000000002/rain_last_hour
+      - mees_electronics/4d45000000000002/rain_last_24 hours
+      - mees_electronics/4d45000000000002/temperature
+      - mees_electronics/4d45000000000002/humidity
+      - mees_electronics/4d45000000000002/barometric_pressure
+      - mees_electronics/4d45000000000002/luminosity

software/mqtt_to_aprs_weather_report/config_reader.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+""""
+ModBus configuration file reader routines
+Copyright (C) 2023-2025 M.T. Konstapel
+
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+"""
+import yaml
+from yaml.loader import SafeLoader
+
+class config_reader:
+
+    # initiate class: define name configuration files
+    def __init__(self, config_file):
+        self.config_file = config_file
+
+    def read_settings(self):
+
+        if self.read_config_file() == 0:
+            return 0
+
+        if self.test_global_settings() == 0:
+            return 0
+
+        if self.test_aprs_settings() == 0:
+            return 0
+
+        if self.test_mqtt_settings() == 0:
+            return 0
+
+
+        return 1
+
+    def read_config_file (self):
+        try:
+            with open(self.config_file) as f:
+                self.config_file_settings = yaml.load(f, Loader=SafeLoader)
+        except:
+            print ("Configuration file ./" + self.config_file + " not found or syntax error in file.")
+            return 0
+        else:
+            return 1
+
+    # Test if all settings are pressent
+    def test_global_settings(self):
+        # Test is all expected settings are present
+        try:
+            tmp = self.config_file_settings['global']['program-log']
+            tmp = self.config_file_settings['global']['mqtt-server']
+            tmp = self.config_file_settings['global']['mqtt-port']
+            tmp = self.config_file_settings['global']['telemetry-interval']
+        except:
+            print ("Error in the global section of the configuration file.")
+            return 0
+        else:
+            return 1
+
+    def test_aprs_settings(self):
+        for entry in self.config_file_settings['aprs']:
+            try:
+                tmp = entry['port']
+                tmp = entry['from_call']
+                tmp = entry['destination']
+                tmp = entry['digipath']
+                tmp = entry['position']
+            except:
+                print ("Error in the aprs section of the configuration file.")
+                return 0
+        else:
+            return 1
+
+    def test_mqtt_settings(self):
+        # Test is all expected settings are present
+        try:
+            tmp = self.config_file_settings['mqtt']['subscribe']
+        except:
+            print ("Error in the mqtt section of the configuration file.")
+            return 0
+        else:
+            return 1

software/mqtt_to_aprs_weather_report/mqtt_callbacks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import logging
+
+
+
+def on_message(client, userdata, message, properties=None):
+    logging.info(
+        f"Received message {message.payload} on topic '{message.topic}' with QoS {message.qos}"
+    )
+def on_subscribe(client, userdata, mid, qos, properties=None):
+    logging.info(f"Subscribed with QoS {qos}")

software/mqtt_to_aprs_weather_report/mqtt_to_aprs_weather_report.py

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+""""
+MQTT to aprs weather report for Mees Electronics sensors.
+Subscribes to MQTT broker entries, combines the values and sends
+the data as an aprs weather report over an AX.25 port.
+
+Copyright (C) 2025 M.T. Konstapel
+
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+"""
+import json
+import time
+from time import gmtime, strftime
+import sys
+import logging
+import datetime
+import subprocess
+import os
+import random
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from config_reader import config_reader
+
+import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
+from paho.mqtt.client import CallbackAPIVersion
+from paho.mqtt.properties import Properties
+from paho.mqtt.packettypes import PacketTypes
+properties=Properties(PacketTypes.PUBLISH)
+properties.MessageExpiryInterval=30 # in seconds
+#import ssl
+
+class MqttHandler:
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        self.config = config
+        # Define list with length equal to the number of subscriptions defined in the config file
+        self.number_of_mqtt_subscriptions = len(config['mqtt']['subscribe'])
+        self.aprs_telemetry_data = [bytes(b'0')]*self.number_of_mqtt_subscriptions
+
+    def process_message(self, client, userdata, message):
+
+        # Loop through all mqtt:subscribe: entries in config.yaml and see which mqtt message we have. Put in in the correct position of the APRS telemetry string
+        for index, entry in enumerate(self.config['mqtt']['subscribe']):
+            if entry == message.topic:
+                self.aprs_telemetry_data[index] = message.payload
+
+        logging.info(f"Received message {message.payload} on topic '{message.topic}' with QoS {message.qos}")
+
+    def on_connect(self, client, userdata, flags, reason_code, properties=None):
+        logging.info('Connected to MQTT broker.')
+
+    # Returns the weather data
+    def get_aprs_telemetry(self):
+        return self.aprs_telemetry_data
+
+
+def start_mqtt(config):
+
+    version = '3' # or '5'
+    mqtt_transport = 'tcp' # or 'websockets'
+    client_id = f'mees_electronics-mqtt-{random.randint(0, 1000)}'
+
+    if version == '5':
+        client = mqtt.Client(CallbackAPIVersion.VERSION2, client_id=client_id,
+                            transport=mqtt_transport,
+                            protocol=mqtt.MQTTv5)
+    if version == '3':
+        client = mqtt.Client(CallbackAPIVersion.VERSION2, client_id=client_id,
+                            transport=mqtt_transport,
+                            protocol=mqtt.MQTTv311,
+                            clean_session=True)
+    #client.username_pw_set("user", "password")
+
+    mqtt_handler = MqttHandler(config)
+    client.on_connect = mqtt_handler.on_connect;
+    client.on_message = mqtt_handler.process_message
+    #client.on_message = mqtt_callbacks.on_message;
+    #client.on_publish = mqtt_callbacks.on_publish;
+    #client.on_subscribe = mqtt_callbacks.on_subscribe;
+
+    if version == '5':
+        from paho.mqtt.properties import Properties
+        from paho.mqtt.packettypes import PacketTypes
+        properties=Properties(PacketTypes.CONNECT)
+        properties.SessionExpiryInterval=30*60 # in seconds
+        client.connect(config['global']['mqtt-server'],
+                    port=config['global']['mqtt-port'],
+                    clean_start=mqtt.MQTT_CLEAN_START_FIRST_ONLY,
+                    properties=properties,
+                    keepalive=60);
+
+    elif version == '3':
+        client.connect(config['global']['mqtt-server'], port=config['global']['mqtt-port'], keepalive=60);
+
+    client.loop_start();
+
+    return client, mqtt_handler
+
+
+def setup():
+    config_file = "config.yaml"
+
+    # Read the configuration file
+    configuration = config_reader(config_file)
+
+    if configuration.read_settings() == 0:
+        sys.exit()
+
+    print("Succesfully read the configuration from file: " + config_file)
+
+    # show values from config file
+    if configuration.config_file_settings['global']['program-log'] == 0:
+        print("Program output will not be logged to a file.")
+    else:
+        print("Program output will be logged to file: " + configuration.config_file_settings['global']['program-log'])
+
+    # Enable the logging module. Log to file if enabled in configuration file, otherwise log to stand i/o (probably the screen)
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level=logging.DEBUG,
+        format="{asctime} - {levelname} - {message}",
+        style="{",
+        datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M",
+        filename=configuration.config_file_settings['global']['program-log'],
+    )
+
+    logging.info("Connecting to MQTT broker: " + configuration.config_file_settings['global']['mqtt-server'])
+
+    # Start MQTT section
+    mqtt_connected = False
+    while not mqtt_connected:
+        try:
+            mqtt_client, mqtt_handler = start_mqtt(configuration.config_file_settings)
+            mqtt_connected = True
+        except:
+            logging.error("Could not connect to MQTT broker. Retry until success (of until CTRL-C is pressed).")
+            time.sleep(3) # Sleep for 3 seconds
+
+    subscribe_to_mqtt(configuration.config_file_settings, mqtt_client)
+
+    # End MQTT section
+
+    return configuration, mqtt_client, mqtt_handler
+
+def subscribe_to_mqtt(configuration, client):
+
+    for index, entry in enumerate(configuration['mqtt']['subscribe']):
+        logging.debug("Subscribed to MQTT topic: " + str(entry) )
+        client.subscribe(topic=str(entry));
+
+def send_aprs_weather_report(WxData, configuration):
+
+    # Convert sensible SI values to freedom units for APRS weather report
+    wind_direction = int(float(WxData[0].decode('utf-8')))
+    wind_speed = int(2.2369 * float(WxData[1].decode('utf-8')))
+    wind_gust = int(2.2369 * float(WxData[2].decode('utf-8')))
+    rain_lasthour = int(3.93700787 * float(WxData[3].decode('utf-8')))
+    #rain_lasthour = 0
+    rain_24hour = int(3.93700787 * float(WxData[4].decode('utf-8')))
+    #rain_24hour = 0
+    temperature = int(float(WxData[5].decode('utf-8')) * 1.8 + 32)
+    humidity = int(float(WxData[6].decode('utf-8')))
+    if (humidity == 100):
+        humidity = 0;
+    pressure =int(10 * float(WxData[7].decode('utf-8')))
+    luminosity = int(0.0079 * float(WxData[8].decode('utf-8')))    # W/m2: various sources give 0.0079 or 0.0083 as an approxmation for sunlight
+    if (luminosity <= 999):
+        APRS_Lum = 'L'
+    else:
+        APRS_Lum = 'l'
+        luminosity = luminosity-1000
+
+    # Get date and time
+    timestamp = time.strftime("%d%H%M", gmtime())
+
+    # Construct APRS weather report
+    aprs_position = configuration['position']
+    aprs_wx_report = '@' + timestamp + 'z' + configuration['position'] + "{:03d}".format(wind_direction) + '/' +  "{:03d}".format(wind_speed) + 'g' +  "{:03d}".format(wind_gust) + 't' + "{:03d}".format(temperature) + 'r' + "{:03d}".format(rain_lasthour) + 'p' + "{:03d}".format(rain_24hour) + 'h' + "{:02d}".format(humidity) + 'b' + "{:05d}".format(pressure) + APRS_Lum + "{:03d}".format(luminosity)
+
+    # Send it
+    logging.debug(aprs_wx_report)
+
+    # Define the Bash script and its arguments as a list
+    script = "/usr/sbin/beacon"
+
+    if configuration['digipath'] == 0:
+        arguments = ["-c", f"{configuration['from_call']}", "-d", f"{configuration['destination']}", "-s", f"{configuration['port']}", f"{aprs_wx_report}"]
+    else:
+        #arguments = ["-d", f"{configuration['destination']} {configuration['digipath']}", "-s", f"{configuration['port']}", f"{aprs_wx_report}"]
+        arguments = ["-c", f"{configuration['from_call']}", "-d", f"{configuration['destination']} {configuration['digipath']}", "-s", f"{configuration['port']}", f"{aprs_wx_report}"]
+
+    # Combine the script and its arguments into a single list
+    command = [script] + arguments
+
+    # Run the script
+    logging.debug(command)
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        # Check the result
+        if result.returncode == 0:
+            logging.info("Send data to APRS radio.")
+        else:
+            logging.error("Failed to send data to APRS radio.")
+            logging.error(f"Reason: {result.stderr}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        logging.error("Failed to send data to APRS radio.")
+        logging.error(f"Command returned: {e}")
+
+def main():
+
+    Configuration, MqttClient, mqtt_handler = setup()
+    LoopCounter = 0
+
+    while (1):
+        time.sleep(Configuration.config_file_settings['global']['telemetry-interval']) # Sleep for number of seconds set in config.yaml
+
+        # Send data to LoRa radio via external program (/usr/sbin/beacon). Make sure we use all radios defined in the configuration file.
+        for entry in Configuration.config_file_settings['aprs']:
+            send_aprs_weather_report(mqtt_handler.get_aprs_telemetry(), entry)
+            # We cannot send multiple APRS messages in a short period of time, so we wait 3 deconds between messages.
+            time.sleep(3)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
+

software/rs485_client_to_mqtt/config.yaml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ global:
 modbus:
     #port: /dev/serial/by-path/platform-3f980000.usb-usb-0:1.3:1.0-port0 # USB port to which RS-485 dongle is connected
     port: /dev/ttyUSB0
+    poll_speed: 60      # Polling speed in seconds
 
 # Modbus servers settings
 modbus_servers:

software/rs485_client_to_mqtt/config_reader.py

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ class config_reader:
         # Test is all expected settings are present
         try:
             tmp = self.config_file_settings['modbus']['port']
+            tmp = self.config_file_settings['modbus']['poll_speed']
         except:
             print ("Error in the modbus section of the configuration file.")
             return 0

software/rs485_client_to_mqtt/rs485_client_to_mqtt.py

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def data_logger(data, configuration):
         except:
             logging.warning("Could not write to file: " + new_filename)
 
-def send_data_to_mqtt(data, configuration, modbus_registers, mqtt_client):
+def send_data_to_mqtt(data, configuration, modbus_registers, MqttClient):
 
     mqtt_top_topic = []
     mqtt_full_topic = []
@@ -208,8 +208,7 @@ def send_data_to_mqtt(data, configuration, modbus_registers, mqtt_client):
             # Go through every input register and match the unit and description with the value
             for index2, entry2 in enumerate(data['InputRegisters']):
                 # Scale values
-                entry2 = entry2/ (10^entry1['input_register_names'][index2][2])
+                entry2 = entry2/ pow(10, entry1['input_register_names'][index2][2])
-
                 message_topic = entry1['input_register_names'][index2][0]
                 mqtt_message = str(round(entry2,1))
                 mqtt_full_topic = mqtt_top_topic + message_topic
@@ -234,68 +233,71 @@ def ReconnectModBus(configuration):
 
     logging.info("Reconnected to ModBus dongle.")
 
-Configuration, Controller, ModbusAddresses, ModbusRegisters, MqttClient = setup()
+def main():
-LoopCounter = 0
 
-while (1):
+    Configuration, Controller, ModbusAddresses, ModbusRegisters, MqttClient = setup()
-    time.sleep(3) # Sleep for 3 seconds
+    LoopCounter = 0
 
-    ModBusData={}
+    while (1):
+        time.sleep(Configuration.config_file_settings['modbus']['poll_speed']) # Sleep for number of seconds given in config.yaml
 
-    # Loop through all configured ModBus devices and try to read the sensor data
+        ModBusData={}
-    for index, current_modbus_device in enumerate(ModbusAddresses):
-        logging.debug("Reading device on ModBus address: " + str(current_modbus_device))
 
-        try:
+        # Loop through all configured ModBus devices and try to read the sensor data
-            ModBusData['DateTime'] = datetime.datetime.now().replace(microsecond=0).isoformat()
+        for index, current_modbus_device in enumerate(ModbusAddresses):
-            ModBusData['ID'] = Controller[index].get_id()
+            logging.debug("Reading device on ModBus address: " + str(current_modbus_device))
-            if ModBusData['ID'][0] == 0x4D45:
-                ModBusData['Type'] = Controller[index].get_type()
-                ModBusData['TypeString'] = Controller[index].get_type_string()
-                ModBusData['InputRegisters'] =  Controller[index].read_all_input_registers()
 
-                # Keep the watchdog from resetting the ModBusdevice
-                Controller[index].toggle_watchdog()
-
-                NoError = True
-        except minimalmodbus.NoResponseError:
-            # Handle communication timeout
-            logging.warning("No response from the instrument on ModBus address: " + str(current_modbus_device))
-            NoError = False
-        except minimalmodbus.InvalidResponseError:
-            # Handle invalid Modbus responses
-            logging.warning("Invalid response from the instrument on ModBus address: " + str(current_modbus_device))
-            NoError = False
-        except minimalmodbus.SlaveReportedException as e:
-            # Handle errors reported by the slave device
-            logging.error(f"The instrument reported an error: {e}")
-            NoError = False
-        except minimalmodbus.ModbusException as e:
-            # Handle all other Modbus-related errors
-            logging.error(f"Modbus error: {e}")
-            NoError = False
-        except Exception as e:
-            # Handle unexpected errors, probably I/O error in USB/serial
-            logging.error(f"Unexpected error: {e}" + ", serial port " + Configuration.config_file_settings['modbus']['port'] + " not available while reading device on ModBus address " + str(ModbusAddresses[index]) + ". Try to reconnect.")
-            Controller[index].serial.close()
-            ReconnectModBus(Configuration)
-            NoError = False
-
-        if NoError == True:
             try:
-                logging.debug("Found Mees Electronics sensor on ModBus address " + str(current_modbus_device))
+                ModBusData['DateTime'] = datetime.datetime.now().replace(microsecond=0).isoformat()
-                logging.debug("Serial number: " + hex(ModBusData['ID'][1]) + " " + hex(ModBusData['ID'][2]) + " " + hex(ModBusData['ID'][3]))
+                ModBusData['ID'] = Controller[index].get_id()
-                logging.debug("Device type: " + str(ModBusData['Type']) + " (" + ModBusData['TypeString'] + ")")
+                if ModBusData['ID'][0] == 0x4D45:
-                logging.debug (ModBusData['InputRegisters'])
+                    ModBusData['Type'] = Controller[index].get_type()
-                #logging.debug (json.dumps(ModBusData, indent=1, sort_keys=False))
+                    ModBusData['TypeString'] = Controller[index].get_type_string()
+                    ModBusData['InputRegisters'] =  Controller[index].read_all_input_registers()
 
-            except:
+                    # Keep the watchdog from resetting the ModBusdevice
-                logging.warning("Modbus device type " + str(ModBusData['Type']) + " not found in register definition file. Ignoring sensor data.")
+                    Controller[index].toggle_watchdog()
 
-            # Log sensor data to file if enabled in configuration file
+                    NoError = True
-            data_logger(ModBusData, Configuration)
+            except minimalmodbus.NoResponseError:
+                # Handle communication timeout
+                logging.warning("No response from the instrument on ModBus address: " + str(current_modbus_device))
+                NoError = False
+            except minimalmodbus.InvalidResponseError:
+                # Handle invalid Modbus responses
+                logging.warning("Invalid response from the instrument on ModBus address: " + str(current_modbus_device))
+                NoError = False
+            except minimalmodbus.SlaveReportedException as e:
+                # Handle errors reported by the slave device
+                logging.error(f"The instrument reported an error: {e}")
+                NoError = False
+            except minimalmodbus.ModbusException as e:
+                # Handle all other Modbus-related errors
+                logging.error(f"Modbus error: {e}")
+                NoError = False
+            except Exception as e:
+                # Handle unexpected errors, probably I/O error in USB/serial
+                logging.error(f"Unexpected error: {e}" + ", serial port " + Configuration.config_file_settings['modbus']['port'] + " not available while reading device on ModBus address " + str(ModbusAddresses[index]) + ". Try to reconnect.")
+                Controller[index].serial.close()
+                ReconnectModBus(Configuration)
+                NoError = False
 
-            # Send sensor data to MQTT broker
+            if NoError == True:
-            send_data_to_mqtt(ModBusData, Configuration, ModbusRegisters.definition_file_data, MqttClient)
+                try:
+                    logging.debug("Found Mees Electronics sensor on ModBus address " + str(current_modbus_device))
+                    logging.debug("Serial number: " + hex(ModBusData['ID'][1]) + " " + hex(ModBusData['ID'][2]) + " " + hex(ModBusData['ID'][3]))
+                    logging.debug("Device type: " + str(ModBusData['Type']) + " (" + ModBusData['TypeString'] + ")")
+                    #logging.debug (ModBusData['InputRegisters'])
+                    #logging.debug (json.dumps(ModBusData, indent=1, sort_keys=False))
 
+                except:
+                    logging.warning("Modbus device type " + str(ModBusData['Type']) + " not found in register definition file. Ignoring sensor data.")
 
+                # Log sensor data to file if enabled in configuration file
+                data_logger(ModBusData, Configuration)
+
+                # Send sensor data to MQTT broker
+                send_data_to_mqtt(ModBusData, Configuration, ModbusRegisters.definition_file_data, MqttClient)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()